Creating an outdoor living space which is both practical and beautiful is the job of the garden designer. Before undertaking a garden design project be sure to have a clear understanding of a site’s natural conditions. This includes sun and shade conditions, wind exposure, soil quality and potential views. Only after a thorough site evaluation should you begin plant selection and design.
When working on a planting design become familiar with what plants are hardy for your area. Hardiness zones divide the country into areas based on lowest winter temperatures. Choosing plants which are considered hardy for your area will help ensure a healthy garden. Proper selection and placement of trees, shrubs and flowers are based on a plant’s characteristics. The visual attributes of plant size, form, texture, and color contribute to the functional and aesthetic character of a garden design.
Plant size is an important concern. Large plants, such as shade trees, should be located first; the smaller trees, shrubs, and finally the groundcovers should be arranged to provide a sense of support or framework to the overall design. Shade and evergreen trees, such as red oaks (Quercus rubrum) and white pine (Pinus strobua), are often the most prominent plants in the garden. They provide visual background and structural framework. Ornamental trees, such as flowering cherries (Prunus sargentii) and Japanese maples (Acer palmatum), are used as accent features because of their seasonal and often unique branching patterns.
Tall shrubs, such as arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) and yew (Taxus sp.), help define the edge and wall of an outdoor space. These shrubs also create screens, act as windbreaks or add privacy to a garden. Small shrubs, such as Japanese holly (Ilex crenata) and boxwood (Buxus sp.), can also define edges of garden paths and spaces but allow for views through the garden.
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